柴北缘地区走滑反转构造及其深部地质因素分析

过去普遍认为柴达木盆地北缘地区的冷湖南八仙构造带的深部为向南逆冲的燕山晚期构造,浅部为向北逆冲的喜马拉雅晚期构造.但通过详细层位对比和构造分析,发现冷湖5号、6号、7号构造与南八仙构造基本为喜马拉雅晚期定型的走滑压扭构造,局部构造主体发育多条高角度走滑断层,构造变形集中于断裂带附近,而断裂带之间的凹陷则未发生大的变形,以沉积、沉降作用为特征.深部地质与地球物理特征揭示,柴达木盆地深部地壳存在低速层,地壳块体可能沿深部断裂带发生东西向的拆离作用.构造分析认为,在侏罗系烃源岩的排烃高峰阶段,冷湖6号构造并没有形成圈闭,而冷湖7号构造的高点与现今不一致,因而现在的构造高部位不具备原生油气藏形成条件.冷湖构造带附近为侏罗系断陷分布区,侏罗系厚度较大,原生油气藏可能分布在该带的周缘地区,包括北部斜坡、喜马拉雅运动早中期的构造圈闭与岩性-地层圈闭,继承性凹陷的深部以及由深凹陷内侧断裂带所围限的断块也是油气运聚的有利部位.图4参10     

贺兰山西麓中生代构造反转及意义

通过对小松山断裂特征的再分析和对顺层断层特征的观察研究发现,发育于贺兰山北段西麓的小松山“推覆”构造实际上是一个滑覆构造。该区于晚侏罗世之后发生大规模构造反转,贺兰山沉积特征及玄武岩环境指示该区是一大陆裂谷斜坡,在中生代早中期并不存在大规模的东西向挤压应力环境。滑覆面之下的三叠系—中上侏罗统的褶皱变形及顺层剪切是这种滑覆引起的局部构造变形,与鄂尔多斯地块西部发育的典型的东西向逆冲形成明显对比,值得重视。      

On slippage induced by surface diffusion

The mechanism of surface diffusion is taken at the basis of the phenomenon of slippage of the contact line of a liquid film. With the aid of the condition of continuity of the traction vectors at the solid-liquid interface, we obtained an evolution equation for the velocity of the fluid particles at the wall which shows a marked resemblance with Millikan's equation for the slippage coefficient of gases and reduces, in the limit of small surface diffusivity, to the classical Stokes-Einstein model. The influence of surface roughness is explicitely taken into account and, among other results, cases of absence of slip caused by the attachment of the liquid film to the solid surface and of slippage solely induced by surface roughness are found. Finally, the effect of the surface deformation upon the surface velocity of the fluid particles is examined in some detail.     

Processing of Yttria-Alumina Coated Silicon Nitride Slips by Slip Casting

Si₃N₄powders coated with 6 wt% Y₂O₃and 4 wt% Al₂O₃were prepared by coprecipitation. The resulting powders were dispersed in water at different pH values and with addition of various amounts of ammonium polyacrylate (NH₄PA) to produce 32 vol% slips. The influence of the amount of NH₄PA solution added and pH on the rheological properties of 32 vol% coated Si₃N₄slips were studied. In addition, the sintered density of cast samples was determined and related to the degree of slip dispersion. The adsorption of the NH₄PA on the coated particle surface was rather high and the surface became saturated near 0.86 mg/m²at pH 9.2. High NH₄PA concentrations (1.7–3 wt%) were necessary to obtain well dispersed 32 vol% coated Si₃N₄slips at pH 9.2. The best stabilization was obtained with the addition of 2.3 wt% NH₄PA; in this condition, the viscosity reached a minimum value of 35 mPa.s at 100 s^–1. The slip viscosity increased with increasing pH from 9.2 to 10.2. Slips with low viscosities gave a more dense packing of cast samples and consequently higher sintered density values.     

Pullout tests of epoxy-coated reinforcement in concrete

The bond strength and slip of epoxy-coated reinforcing bars in concrete have been evaluated by carrying out single pullout and double pullout tests. In extended single pullout tests, slip measurements were made while tensile force was applied to reinforcing bars embedded in concrete. In double pullout tests, 20 cycles of load were applied at levels of steel stress between zero and 0·5 times characteristic steel strength. Strains were measured by electrical resistance strain gauges glued inside the bars. Both epoxy-coated and uncoated bars were used in the investigation, to obtain comparative results. The strain gradient along the bar was found to be less for the coated reinforcement. In general, the epoxy coating was found to increase slip in bond and thereby reduce the bond performance of coated bars.     

Characterization of the flow behaviour of sausage emulsions with a simple tube viscometer

A specially designed tube viscometer was used to measure apparent viscosity during flow of Bologna type sausage emulsions moving through a pipe. Emulsions varied in fat content (from 21.8 to 44.3%) and in moisture/protein ratio (from 3.7 to 5.6), and the effects of added sodium chloride, sodium diphosphate, starch and blood plasma were investigated in a 36% fat, 3.7 moisture/protein emulsion.
The shear stresses determined as a function of shear rate were fitted by a power law. Yield stress of the emulsions was negligible relative to the applied stress. However, inspection of the flow profiles indicated that considerable slip of the sausage emulsion occurred at the pipe wall. Both emulsion flow and slip contribute to overall flow behaviour, so a kind of effective viscosity is determined. Intrinsic rheological properties and wall slip will both be affected by the composition of the sausage emulsion.     

三峡工程泄洪坝段表孔溢流面拉模施工技术

三峡工程泄洪坝段表孔溢流面主要采用一期预留台阶、二期拉模一次成形的方法施工,体型复杂,拉模施工难度大,施工质量要求高,在生产性试验以及对试验结果进行分析的基础上,对混凝土性能、拉模设计、施工措施等方面进行了改进,形成了一套成熟的拉模施工技术。施工结果表明,施工质量达到了设计要求。     

垂直井两相流动生产测井解释滑动模型

在两相流动模拟实验数据分析的基础上 ,提出油水两相和气液两相流动的滑脱速度的实验关系 ,进而确定垂直井两相流动生产测井解释的滑动模型。现场实际测井资料处理结果表明该模型有很好的应用效果     

东方1-1气田海底管道混凝土配重层的涂敷

海底油气管道的覆盖层为防腐蚀层和混凝土配重层。以往我国海底管道使用的混凝土配重层均由外国公司施工。 2 0 0 2年渤海石油管道涂敷工程公司从美国引进了一套混凝土配重层喷涂设备 ,在进行大量混凝土配重层涂敷技术研究的基础上 ,该公司圆满完成了东方 1 - 1气田 1 1 3km混凝土配重管的涂敷工作。通过该工程实例 ,介绍混凝土配重层的技术性能要求、涂敷工艺以及防腐蚀涂层的表面增阻措施等